Animal sacrifice is an integral part of the rituals. Readings of the Table of Ifá by the babalawo help determine all of the important characteristics of a person’s life and how he or she should deal with each event as it occurs. Yemaya's Protection This spell specifically requests that the powerful orisha, Yemaya, grant protection to someone--particularly from lies, gossip, and evil speech. The mayombero also knows the identity of the corpse, called the kiyumba. Cuttings from escoba amarga bushes are used in purifying baths and to drive away the abikus, mischievous spirits that reincarnate in a child who dies very young. Upon in… The cauldron stays in the woods overnight, and then it is ready. In Haiti, the veve derives from the beliefs of the native Tainos. African and Caribbean Voodoo There is a lot of evil connected with Voodoo. The sect known as Santeria thus gained a victory for its bloody rites. Santeria is an ancient religion of African origin, originated by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria. Such persons practice Quimbanda (also known as Cuimbanda). Found these symbols in an abandon house . Other names for Santería are Lukumí and Regla de Ocha. They need to survive based on the animal sacrifices that we do. Sometimes these rituals involve dining with the Orishas in public places and even in rented halls. Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. Just like the Vodun loa, the orishas have complex human personalities, with strong desires, preferences and temperaments. Completely overcome with her sorrows, Yemayá climbed a mountain, where she delivered 14 gods conceived by Orungán in a single birth and then died. Magickal symbols of protection. The bamboo contains sand, seawater and quicksilver, to give the kiyumba the speed of quicksilver and the persistence of the ever-moving tides. One major distinction though is that Santeria originates from the Yoruba people who resides in Nigeria while the Palo Mayombe comes from the Congo. World religions santeria central african symbol used the elder. Typical remedies for a spell range from herbal baths to complicated potions (see PHILTRES) of oils, plants, and intimate waste products. Santeria is a polytheistic religion. Downloaded July 5, 2004. Today, members of nearly all social classes practice some sort of spirit belief while nevertheless professing their Catholic faith. The siblings married and had a son Orungán. Upon the birth of a child, the parents consult the babalawo to find the infant’s assigned orisha, plant, birthstone and animal. Umbanda probably derives from the Sanskrit word aum-gandha, which means “divine principle.” Worship focuses on healing, and umbandistas believe no healing of the body can be achieved without healing of the spirit and communion—ecstatic POSSESSION—by the spirit guides. Good-talisman animals include goats, elephants and turtles; noxious ones are many reptiles, venomous insects, some types of frogs, all birds of prey, rats, crocodiles, lizards and spiders. She is a very popular deity. What is Santeria? Garlic lowers high blood pressure; coconut water acts as a diuretic; anise seed alleviates indigestion; sarsaparilla cures rheumatism, nerves, and syphilis; and indigo helps epilepsy. If you don't feel safe and secure, it's difficult to enjoy any of the pleasures of life. The only type of drawn symbol used is the ozun (or Osun) which resembles a bullseye made up of concentric circles painted in the colors white, yellow, red and blue (in an appropriate combination for that orisha’s initiation). As such, the shells are the “mouthpieces” of the orishas. According to the Santeria religion, each and every one has his or her own destiny as decided by God. Most magic in Santería comes under the “white” classification: spells for wayward lovers, good luck, money and cures. The orishas rule over every aspect of nature and human endeavor. Many Middle Easterners wear the ‘hamsa’, meaning five fingers of the hand, as protection against danger and bad luck. First, a black CAt is tortured and boiled alive. This is the second symbol i found outside the room with blood … Brazilians also practice Santería but under the names of Candomblé, Umbanda and Quimbanda (see mACumbA). Oshún, the goddess of the Oshún river, also enjoys Changó’s favors. He likes lavender and black and chooses the bow and arrow as his symbols. reading the Table is also known as diloggun or mediloggun. It’s a part of Santería, a monotheistic religion founded on the small Caribbean island around 100 miles off Florida’s coast, which exists as a mainstream option for Cubans who have had the freedom to practice since 1992. Ayé-Shaluga rules fortune and good luck. Three former slave women named themselves the high priestesses, claiming their magical skills sharpened their sexual prowess as mistresses to the white masters. Santería is a popular religious movement originating in Cuba that combines African and Roman Catholic themes. List Of 17 Ancient Protection Symbols Against Evil: #1 Triquetra. The mayombero wraps these treasures in black cloth and takes them home. If the spirit agrees, the mayombero writes the kiyumba’s name on a piece of paper and places it in the bottom of a big, iron cauldron together with a few coins in payment to the kiyumba. The last two of the 14, Orun, god of the Sun, and Ochu, goddess of the moon, have few followers. Santería ALTARS and costumes are often magnificent works of art. Otherwise known as the syncretic religion or the "Way of the Saints", Santeria is generally based in various regions of Africa. To assure the success of a spell, the santero employs items that have touched the victim: HAIR AND NAIL CLIPPINGS or even dirt from his footprints or air from his home. Even the shade attracts spirits, giving strength to spells cast there. Petitioners may also request direct answers from Elegguá through a divination method called darle coco al santo (“give the coconut to the saint”). Pumpkins are sacred to her. Although all worshipers of Santería could be called Santeros, the term usually refers to the priests or priestesses. The faith also has a strong Caribbean influence. A resguardo, or small bag (see Charm BAG; GRIS-GRIS) filled with herbs and Fetishes associated with a certain deity is often prescribed as an AMULET against further bad magic. The waters released when her abdomen burst caused the deluge—the Flood—and the place where she died became the holy city of Ile Ife, the same sacred place worshiped in Vodun. Receiving this necklace, or collare, is a ceremony very similar to baptism. rounding out this partial list is Bacoso, the king and founder of the Yoruba dynasty and the holy city of Ife. Magic by contact is contagious. Chiyidi controls nightmares and used to be an evil entity (see Nightmare). The tree trunk and the ground around it help cast evil spells; if a Santero wishes harm upon someone, he must walk naked around the ceiba tree several times at midnight and brush the trunk with his fingertips, softly asking the tree to help him against his enemy. Devotees will not even cross the tree’s shadow without permission. Even certain Catholic saints have also been named as Orishas. The young man was so beautiful that his father Aganyú died of envy, at which time Orungán forced himself on his mother. Alefi, the wind, is Oyá’s messenger. Santeros fear the nganga’s powers so much that they will not even speak of them except in whispers. At that time, the mayombero disinters the cauldron and reburies it beside a ceiba or other magical tree for another three Fridays. Such power went to Omo Oba’s head, causing Olodumare to order Nzalam, the lighting bolt, to destroy the earth in flames. Obatalá and Oddudúa had two children: a son Aganyú and a daughter Yemayá. Another popular divinatory method, normally used to consult Elegguá, is called darle coco al santo (“give the coconut to the saint”), or reading coconut meat. Saints identified with the orishas may be of either sex and not necessarily of the same gender as the orisha. Ochosi is the god of hunters, birds and wild animals and also watches over jails, perhaps as cages for humans. Today any place with a large Hispanic population—like Miami, New York, or Los Angeles in the United states or Cuba, Jamaica, or the Dominican Republic—boasts as many santeros as Catholics, since many devotees practice both faiths. techgnosis.com/trickster.html. His wife, Oddudúa, is a black woman who is usually shown breastfeeding an infant and represents maternity. Triquetra, also known as the Trinity Knot or Celtic Triangle, is a tri-cornered shape made of 3 interconnected or overlapping arcs with pointed outer sections that resembles a three-cornered knot. Just as the saints serve as emissaries to the creator god in the Catholic religion, so Santería has a creator god and a huge number of lesser deities, or saints, known as orishas. Other mayomberos hedge their bets by taking a brain from corpses of both races, ensuring that their evil spells will work on either. The mayombero makes a zarabanda in the traditional manner but invokes the spirit of the Congo deity Zarabanda to work directly with the kiyumba. Prayers for protection against witchcraft. Santisima Muerte is the chief spiritual force used by Mexican spiritualist and witches for a variety of different types of magical work. Other protective agents against evil are gArlIC and brown sugar. Candomblé, the older of the two sects, most resembles the ancient Yoruban religion but with Portuguese spelling: The god Chango is Xango, Yemaya is Yemanja, and Olorún becomes Olorum. Homes come under the protection of Olarosa, while Olimerin guards the entire village. In Santeria love spells are casted with the use of objects like candles, cigars, rum, and flowers. The Santero can affect situations by acting out the scene beforehand or by using natural objects in alliance with or resembling the intended victim; e.g., a wax doll. Common sacrificial animals include all types of fowl—chickens, roosters, pigeons, doves and other birds—goats, pigs and occasionally bulls. V- (But the dash is tward the bottom of the V) l O (The line is through the middle of the Circle) V (The V is upside down) This is all connected as one symbol…. Gonzalez-Wippler. Garlic lowers high blood pressure, coconut water acts as a diuretic, anise seed alleviates indigestion, sarsaparilla cures rheumatism, nerves and syphilis and indigo works on epilepsy. Santisima Muerte is associated with healing, protection, and safe delivery to … Like Legba, he is the messenger, the door to the gods, the one who understands all languages and allows the orishas to descend upon the faithful and possess their hearts, minds, and bodies. Those possessed by the god exhibit overt male sexual behavior whether they are men or women. Higuereta, which produces castor oil, has been used by the Santeros on cancerous tumors for centuries with amazing results. Finally, at the end of that period, the mayombero disinters the cauldron one last time and returns home. “Trickster at the Crossroads: West Africa’s God of Messages, Sex and Deceit.” Originally appeared in Gnosis, Spring 1991. Protective magick is probably the most basic of all types of spellwork. 4. He married Oddudúa and had two children: a son Aganyú and a daughter Yemayá. USA Southern hoodoo borrows elements for spirit work from a number of sources, including the syncretic religions Vodou, Candomble, and Santeria. The rest of the recipe calls for red pepper, chili, garlic, onions, cinnamon, rue, ants, worms, lizards, termites, bats, frogs, Spanish flies, a tarantula, a centipede, a wasp and a scorpion. As the first ancestor, Obatalá is the father of the gods and the first orisha. Santería comes from the Spanish word santo, meaning “saint,” and can be translated as the “way of the saints.” The term was originally a derisive epithet used by the white masters against their overly pious slaves; eventually, however, the slave owners became practicing santeros as well. The pieces are thrown on the floor, and one of five patterns results. Chankpana, the god of smallpox, appears as an old man nursing a lacerated leg. Otherwise known as the syncretic religion or the "Way of the Saints", Santeria … Like his Vodoun cousin Legba, he also gave his people the Table of Ifá, or system of Divination, controlled by Orúnla. The assistant places a knife near the witch with seven little heaps of gunpowder on the blade. It involves praying to three Fathers, three Ave Maris, and three Credors too. While his clothes are buried, the novice takes a series of purifying herbal baths; at the end of 21 days, or three successive Fridays, the candidate digs up his clothes, puts them on and goes with his teacher back to the ceiba tree. To perform a reading, called a registro, the italero throws 16 seashells (caracoles) onto a straw mat. Performing secret rituals, Santerian priests call upon the messengers of the Gods to do their bidding. Creation stories in Santería recognize Obatalá as the first man and father of the orishas. These days, it’s far more prevalent than Catholicism on the island—Santeros outnumber Catholics by 8-1. The orgin and basis of religion between Santeria and Palo Mayombe are similar. He adds the remains, along with some earth from the gravesite, then cuts a small incision in his arm with a white-handled knife and lets a few drops of blood fall into the cauldron to “refresh” the kiyumba. The pieces are then thrown on the floor, yielding one of five patterns. The possessed one will then speak and act in ways characteristic of that god. One of Elegguá’s best friends, Oggún, governs war and iron, all weapons (including sacrificial knives) and the treatment of tumors and skin diseases. Orúnla owns the Table of Ifá, the sacred system of Divination, and also shares great friendship with Elegguá. The candidate receives a crown of ceiba leaves, symbolizing his surrender to the spirits; then the others present him with a lighted candle and his scepter, or kisengue: a human tibia bone wrapped in black cloth. These prayers will keep witches and Satanists away forever. Both Candomblé and Umbanda view the spirits as agents for good; even the more mischievous ones are merely misguided. Further ingredients include wax from a burned candle, a cigar butt, ashes, lime, a piece of bamboo that contains sea water and quicksilver (the water represents the relentless tides and the silver is for speed) and that is sealed at both ends, the body of a small black dog to help the kiyumba stalk its victims, various tree barks, red pepper, chile, garlic, onions, cinnamon, rue, ants, worms, lizards, termites, bats, frogs, Spanish flies, a tarantula, a centipede, a wasp, and a scorpion. Many symbols are used in Santeria Symbols include trees they hold sacred Ceiba Tree Royal Palm Tree If they are not respectful to trees the tree will become offended They must ask for permission before crossing the tree’s shadow. The mayombero then buries the cat for 24 hours. Once there, the witch lies on the floor while his assistant covers him with a sheet and lights four candles, one at each corner, as if the witch were dead. The oricha are not gods "in the Western sense", and thus the educational anthropologist Andrés I. Pérez y Mena thought they were best described as "Yoruban ancestor spirits". Santeria is a fusion of Catholic practices and African folk beliefs. Tragic Yemayá remains a popular goddess in Santería, whose colors are light blue and white. Like the Chinese Yijing (I Ching), the proverbs and PROPHECIES associated with each ordun are vague and mysterious. Continually jealous and suspicious of her philandering husband, she follows him and has him watched. Next, the mayombero puts in the body of a small black dog to help the kiyumba track its victims, along with various herbs and tree barks. Extremely difficult cases may necessitate calling upon the Seven African Powers, a combination of Obatalá, Elegguá, Orúnla, Changó, Oggún, Yemayá and Oshún. His favorite mistress is Olosa, who aids fishermen and employs the crocodile as her messenger. All homes keep an image of Elegguá behind the door as he is the most powerful orisha after Obatalá. These became known as Adinkra symbols. Even santeros fear the EVIL EYE, however, knowing that the eye’s black magic can come from anyone. Number:8 Sacred Place in Nature:hills, mountains or high places Color:White Tools:A horsetail fly-whisk (some roads use a sword or cane) Temperament:Calm, reasonable, quiet (some roads, like Ayáguna are youthful and fiery) Syncretized Catholic Saint:Our Lady of Mercy or Jesus Christ Santeria "babalawo" Juliano and priest Enrique pose on October 21, 1998 in the old town in Havana, Cuba. Santería comes from the Spanish word santo, meaning “saint”; practitioners are called Santeros (female: Santeras). Numerous signs and symbols already existing in the Catholicism is used by the Santeria people for the various rituals and spells. Choice kiyumbas were violent persons in life, preferably criminals or the insane. In Cuba, Santeros may obtain government meat-ration cards because they have to buy so many live animals. It is ruled by the laws of similarity (that like produces like) and contact (that things that have been in contact with each other continue to affect one another even after contact has been broken). To keep the abikus from claiming the next child, a small chain is placed on the wrist or ankle to keep the child “tied” to Earth and not at risk of being spirited away. The chosen grave is usually fairly recent, since the mayombero desires a corpse with a brain still inside the skull, no matter how decayed. If a child dies young, the Santero makes a mark on its body, often by cutting off a piece of the child’s ear before burial. Oya: In Praise of the Goddess. She gives him power over fire, which is holy to her. These Orishas can only help in achieving this destiny. The spirits offer enlightenment; each time a medium channels a spirit guide his mind rises to another level of consciousness. Priests consecrated to lesser orishas or human deities also fall in this third category. Most of these ingredients can be purchased at the local botánica, a shop dedicated to the sale of herbs, CANDLES, fetishes, and other supplies for those who serve the orishas. The spells used in this religion are very powerful and thus can be used to solve our problems. Santeria is widely used as a form of white magic used primarily in healing people from their ailments and also to increase their wealth or the betterment of their health. If the cauldron will be used for both good and evil, no baptism is necessary. The still-extant brain helps the kiyumba to think and better act on the mayombero’s evil purposes. The twin gods Ibeyi watch over infants. Gleason, Judith. The new mayombero can now call on the powers of darkness to make his nganga, the cauldron or sack that contains all his magical potions and powers. It can also involve dancing various dance forms, beating the drums, and other activities in order to contact and appease the Orishas via the offerings. remedies range from herbal baths to complicated spells involving various oils, plants and intimate waste products of the intended victim. Babalu-Ayé is patron of the sick. - - In Cuban Santeria, Orunla (also called Ifa, Orunmila and Orula)holds a unique position. Santeros do not dare question such arrangements, explaining the situation by saying that after the gods’ mystical deaths, they were reincarnated in new bodies. Santería as practiced among the slaves in the Portuguese colonies, particularly Brazil, split into two different religions: Candomblé and Umbanda. The assistant asks the kiyumba if it will do the bidding of the mayombero; if the answer is yes, the gunpowder ignites spontaneously. He adds peppered rum, dry wine, some cologne called Florida water, and more blood. The greater the babalawo’s accuracy in divination and response, the larger his clientele. The nganga or macuto forms a small world completely at the bidding of the mayombero, with the kiyumba controlling the animals and plants inside the nganga with it and obeying the orders of the mayombero like a faithful slave, always willing and ready. Done for those interested . The Encyclopedia of Magic and Alchemy Written by Rosemary Ellen Guiley Copyright © 2006 by Visionary Living, Inc. Since evil spirits dissolve in water, all devotees keep a small receptacle of water under their beds to clean away evil influences, which must be changed every 24 hours. New York: Facts On File Inc., 1999. Gonzales-Wippler, Migene. Elegguá the TRICKSTER represents the CROSSROADS: choice and chaos, opportunity and disappointment. To prepare a coconut for divination, the reader must break its shell with a hard object, never cracking the nut on the floor, as that would offend Obi, the coconut’s deity. The shells may be bought in any botánica (a store where Santería and Vodun paraphernalia and herbs are sold) by anyone, but uninitiated users, aleyos, may use only 12. The slaves’ Spanish and Portuguese masters eventually grew fascinated with Yoruban magic and began to practice it themselves. Today, any city with a large Hispanic population probably boasts as many Santeros as devout Catholics, since many of the devotees practice both. The bodies of whites are also favored, since some mayomberos believe whites take instruction better than blacks. The candidate is crowned with ceiba leaves, which represent the spirits of the dead taking possession of the new mayombero. His wife, Oba, is goddess of the Oba river. Santería was brought to Cuba by the people of the Yoruban nations of West Africa, who were The use of proverbs signifies wisdom for the Asantes. Yemayá delivered 14 deities from their union, and when her waters broke the deluge became the Flood. Boston: Shambhala, 1987. Babalawos wield enormous power. Other important orishas include Elegguá (called LegbA in Vodun), the god of entrances, doorways and roads, who allows the other orishas to enter the sphere of man. Tea from the bark helps cure infertility. In the original African belief system from which Santeria originates, there are hundreds of orishas. (Video by Jonathan Mejia) The offering – in other rituals it might have been a rooster or a duck – is a common practice in Cuba. They even consider these spirits to be mortal by origin. If the ebbo does more damage to the enemy than the enemy’s original spell, it only increases the prestige of the babalawo. Evil beings also dislike black rag dolls. Most orishas lived in heaven with Olodumare before descending to the earth. The candidate’s teacher and other mayomberos join him there and invoke the spirits of the dead as well as of the ceiba to welcome this new witch into the brotherhood. 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