advantages of religion in south africa

Gifford, Paul. However, other religions are protected by the constitution. . Consequently, leaders of both religious traditions were often key interlocutors between state and society. Such differing assessments of the nature of religion in Africa suggest that it would be most constructive to note its combined spiritual and material dimensions. In other words, such religious organizations functioned as statements of social, political, and economic interaction as well as important foci of community aims and strategy. Multiculturalism is the peaceful coexistence of a culturally diverse or multiethnic population in a country. Whether or not the colony was settler-dominated was significant for an understanding of the relationship between Christian missionaries and colonial authorities. As such, in looking at Africa's colonial period it is difficult to be clear whether individual religious, political, or social objectives—or a mixture of all three—were paramount when seeking to account for the motivations of certain groups and organizations. Thus, in Africa, Islam is a multifaceted term covering a number of Muslim interpretations of the faith. A Holistic Approach to Teaching Islam to Children: A Case Study in Northern Nigeria, B. Aisha Lemu 33 – 38 7. 4 (1986): 49–54. "South Africa Prophetic Christianity and the Liberation Movement." demobilisation of religious forces and of the religious discourse in politics. "Popular Theologies in Africa." Examines the emergence of a particular stratum of young puritan preachers in Malawi and traces their sociopolitical and spiritual significance. The modernization that accompanied European colonialism led to a secularization of public life and a practical separation of politics and religion at the state level. With administrative networks often grafted on to preexisting institutions, European hegemony and security were very closely linked. African Traditional Religion. The hope was that following democratization elected leaders would tackle—with energy, resourcefulness, and imagination—the pressing economic, political, and social problems of the continent. Blakely, Thomas D., Walter E. A. van Beek, and Dennis L. Thomson, eds. Country Analysis The following section will contain an analysis on South Africa’s political, economic, legal, cultural and commercial aspects of doing business with South Africa. Ṣūfī Islam—the faith of many African Muslims—is actually a frequent target for Islamic fundamentalists found within the ʿulamāʾ and their secular allies because it is regarded as a primitive or degraded form of Islam that must be reformed or purified. In such protests, religious leaders were frequently well represented. The ʿulamāʾ are typically strong supporters of the status quo, not least because it allows them integral involvement in running the affairs of Muslims in their state. In Major Religions of the World: Past, Present and Post-Modern, edited by Lloyd Ridgeon, pp. This is a look at some of the benefits that the world has received from religion. Christian 86%, ancestral, tribal, animist, or other traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2% (2015 est.) Examines the role of various Christian churches in the antiapartheid and prodemocracy movement in South Africa. In each area, not only is religious and political power typically fused in the hands of a few individuals, but, over time, class structures developed based on extant religious differentiation. Both Islam and Christianity were imported into Africa in the historical past. In the postcolonial period, African political leaders have generally accorded a high level of respect to leaders of the main religious institutions, both Christian and Muslim. Owning a business in South Africa is different to owning a business in a different part of the world. Chicago, 1993. Healing dances are still among the most widely practiced religious rituals in South Africa, even in the 1990s, and are used in some African Independent churches to heal the sick or eradicate evil. Because most mainstream expressions of both Christianity and Islam tended to be unidentified with the main interest groups, whether ethnic or class, their leaders stood on relatively neutral ground and thus could serve as a mediating element when social or political conflict occurred. The key-debates that emerged at the time centred on the new role of the church or of religion in post-apartheid South Africa. The contribution that religion can make to peacemaking--as the flip side of religious conflict--is only beginning to be explored and explicated. Finding the Balance: Religious Education in Australia, •Evolving trade routes led to the colonization of the Asia, Africa, Central and South America. Three issues contextualize a contemporary discussion of the political role of Islam in Africa. 110–151. TO INFLUENCE RELIGION? Concerns were exacerbated by years of popular frustration and disappointment, for the promises of independence had turned out, almost everywhere, to be hollow. Followers believe in the guidance of their ancestors spirits. Africa is marked by a high degree of political and religious heterogeneity, making a study of politics and religion in the region complex but rewarding. On 17 August 2016, an article titled, “The Damning Effects Of Religion In Africa,” written by Kofi Asamoah Okyere was published on Modernghana.com in which the writer sought to establish a case that religion impeded the development of Africa.. "Politics and Religion: Politics and African Religious Traditions Africa South of the Sahara. Through this OpinionFront article, you can learn about the advantages and disadvantages of … Finally, in a number of African states, Muslims, fragmented by ethnic and regional concerns, are politically marginalized into a minority bloc, as in, for example, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo. On the other hand, Islam is often regarded by Western analysis as an authoritarian, even totalitarian, religion whose proponents sometimes seek to impose fundamentalist visions as a putative means of purifying society. not well thought of by White people in South Africa; however, despite the condemnation, AIR continues to be practiced even in the present. For example, during the colonial period, religious movements were often simultaneously anticolonial political movements and fundamentally concerned with both sociocultural and religio-spiritual reform. Yet because various Christian churches (Roman Catholic, as well as a variety of Protestant denominations) were in direct competition for converts, there was rivalry between them. . Sociologists seek to identify and examine religion's general and specific social imports in the countries of the region. However, sometimes after serious opposition (e.g., in the West African empire of El Hadj Oumar against the French, the Hausa-Fulani empire against the British, and in much of Muslim Somalia prior to World War I) Muslim leaders were generally pragmatic enough to reach a modus vivendi with the colonial authorities. For their part, African religious leaders appealed to the Chinese delegation to improve the treatment of Christians in China. In 1963 the leaders of thirty-two newly independent African states gathered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to establis…, Socialism, African Certainly, African Muslim leaders were not, on the whole, in the forefront of demands for political changes in the 1990s. "Islam." London, 2003. Exceptional private healthcare. 321–375. Many were highly respected figures whose own personal desires and preferences were believed to be subsumed by their concern to mediate disinterestedly between followers and the state. Globalization has managed to have an impact on the economy ,politics and social nature bringing about positive results for South Africa. First, there are a number of versions of Islam in the region. This involves both personal belief systems as well as group ideologies, which together help to motivate individuals and groups to behave in a variety of ways. There are spiritual leaders, kinds of priests or pastors in most traditional African religions. During Muhammad's lifetime a group of Muslims escaped Meccan persec…, Organization of African Unity (OAU) African traditional religion also provides our societies with moral values, which undrgird the relationships between people in the community and between then and the environment, spiritual and physical. Leeuw (2004:20-36) goes further and states that African religion is a misnomer, because the ideas behind actions of ritual and rite relate to African thought and not to religion — a concept not even accommodated originally in African languages. Itinerario 7, no. Southern Africa - Southern Africa - Independence and decolonization in Southern Africa: After the war the imperial powers were under strong international pressure to decolonize. As true as the general notion of cultism might be, most rooted African secret cults started off as a … Definition: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and … Cambridge, U.K., 1986. Locates the role of religion in Africans' anticolonial struggles. To ascertain the nature of the contemporary relation between religion and politics in Africa, it is necessary to take into account the im… Oliver, Ronald. As a result, the various traditional religious activities had to function within the Europeans' legal jurisdiction. The wide variety of religions in South Africa is a reflection of the cultural diversity in South Africa's "Rainbow" society. African Religions, overview article; Christianity, articles on Christianity in North Africa and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa; Islam, article on Islam in North Africa. “Every country has a set of rules that governs how to do business,” says Morne Cronje, FNB head of Franchising. The belief systems have the right to run under the wings of democracy and the right to worship. Religions of every denomination add $418 billion annually to the American economy. In short, class, racial, and institutional bonds bound Christian leaders to the colonial regimes. It is noteworthy that a particular form of transnational Islam, or pan-Islamism, was of great concern for colonial rulers in the early years of the twentieth century. Mayer, Anne. Haynes, Jeff. For example, they may question to what extent a certain religious group also serves as a vehicle of sociopolitical change. In summary, the main benefits of religion include Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. However, attempts to arrive at an analytically precise definition of the term religion is fraught with difficulties because no consensus exists as to the proper understanding of what religion in Africa is. Especially around the time of World War I, many European colonial administrations were worried that both Germany and the Turkish Ottoman Empire were in tandem politically, seeking out and cultivating African Muslim leaders to be allies in their strategic rivalries with Britain and France. In Fundamentalism and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance, edited by Michael Marty and R. Scott Appleby, pp. A comprehensive account of the development of religio-political anticolonial movements in colonial Central Africa. Overall, it is more analytically satisfactory to perceive such movements as involving a combination of motivations that often defy easy or precise pigeonholing. In the popular mind, to discuss religion in the context of international affairs automatically raises the specter of religious-based conflict. That is, the earlier widespread affirmation that modernization (i.e., the growth and spread of urbanization, industrialization, mass education, economic development, scientific rationality, and social mobility) would combine to diminish significantly the social position of religion in the region has not been substantiated. In addition, many believe that religious worship, or involvement with religious organizations, is an important means to try to improve their current earthly positions. Given their perceptions of their Christian leaders as spiritual guides, and in the customary absence of independent and effective political parties, ordinary Christians quite naturally turned to their religious leaders as appropriate figures to take action on their behalf. Dijk, Rijk van. "Religious Fundamentalism and Politics." The main analytical problem involving an understanding of the relation between religion and politics in Africa is the region's astonishing multifariousness of religious beliefs, ethnic divisions, cultural distinctions, and political modes. Many Muslims oppose Western interpretations of democracy, in which sovereignty is said to reside with the people because it is seen as a secularized system negating God's own sovereignty. However, they were also purveyors of modernization, especially Western education, the acquisition of which was quickly noted by many Christian Africans as the key route to advancement in colonial society. •Religion has been a major feature in some historical conflicts … I have studied the history of Africa quite a bit, but I am not part of that culture. A consequence of such protests was that, in the 1990s, many African countries underwent at least a degree of democratization. Religion in most African societies also supports moral order. Second, they believed that colonial rule had provided much-needed law, order, and European civilization to Africa. South Africa has a population of approximately 55 million people comprising of diverse culture, religion, origin, and languages. Lapidus, Ira. The African Experience. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. It creates a sense of security and order in the community. As is often noted, over the last three decades of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century, religion has generally had a considerable impact on politics in many regions of the world, not just in Africa. If we work towards embedding the 4IR in our society, our economy will grow and our people will be in a much more stable, sustainable and more hopeful place. 1 (1987): 63–92. The Constitution of South Africa allows for freedom of religion, indeed, the freedom of all religions in South Africa. Berkeley, Calif., 1985. Lan, David. 4 (1994): 513–34. Such religious organizations tended to function well during the colonial period because they served as appropriate focal points for ordinary people's attempts to come to terms with and to adapt to the forces of change (summarized as modernization), that were a result of the intrusion of European rule. No single denomination predominates, with mainstream Protestant churches, Pentecostal churches, African initiated churches, and the Catholic Church all having significant numbers of adherents. In The Cambridge History of Africa, vol. References A survey of the spiritual and political roles of contemporary Christianity in Africa. Christianity is the dominant religion in South Africa, with almost 80% of the population in 2001 professing to be Christian. globalization has a great impact in South Africa in the sense that there are over 80% of protestant Christians but are mainly independent churches. As a result, the notion of politics not only involves general relations of power but also relates to the workings of formal political institutions (e.g., legislatures, executives, presidents), as well as focusing attention more generally on issues of authority, legitimacy, power, and equity. Such people tended overwhelmingly to support the concept—if not always every aspect of the practice—of colonial rule for three main reasons. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN (TEWAHDO) 40 Historical account of the development of Islam in Africa during the first four decades of the twentieth century, as the faith came into competition with Christianity. What such fundamentalists are said to want, namely Muslim (sharī ʿah ) law, is regarded as anathema by non-Muslims. Outlines the development of Islam in Africa from precolonial to present times. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Comparative examination of the political role of Islam in three countries. Encyclopedia of Religion. 3 (1991): 370–399. Later, in the 1980s and 1990s, leaders of mainline African Christian churches were significantly involved in demands for democracy. Exploring Religious Spaces in the African State, (2010) and ‘Religion and Development from Below: Independent Christianity in South Africa’, Journal of Religion in Africa, (2010). When Islam appeared as a key threat to Christian dominance and well-being, steps were taken to try to undermine its attraction by offering Western education to putative converts. Politics and Religion: Politics and African Religious Traditions Not least of the problems is the difficulty in deciding where religion ends and politics begins. Many churches, synagogues, mosques, and temples have offered worship through livestream amidst the pandemic.. Dr Bompani is also the programme director of the masters in Africa and International Development. Benefits of Religion. Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 22 Dec. 2020 . Such fundamentalist interpretations of Islam are of particular political importance in Sudan (where it is the ruling ideology) and in parts of northern Nigeria, where conflict (with thousands of deaths since the late 1990s) between Muslims and Christians has long been an important politico-religious issue. Islam in Africa can be divided into at least three distinct categories, corresponding to extant social, cultural, and historical divisions. I believe that with the advent of Christianity in parts of Africa, there has been a huge change is the amount of superstition. For example, sometimes religious beliefs or solidarity will serve to form the main context for political action, with political concerns imbued with religious notions that help determine the nature of a particular group's collective response. Religion has been a feature of the world for as long as it came into existence. They had both repressive and liberating functions as agents of European superiority and political domination. Nearly all South Africans will tell you that they belong to a church and practice a faith, although their thinking when it comes to religion and religious beliefs differ widely. In the post-Apartheid period, there is a record increase in the practice of AIR in South Africa. South Africa’s private healthcare is on par with any of the best in … Fields, Karen. Anthropologists see religion as one, albeit an important, component of the cultural aspects of Africans' social life. Political scientists look for signs of political activity associated with religion, as they are keen to assess religion's political roles, especially in relation to specific groups and organizations. P…, Politics and Politicians in Latin America, Political, Legal, and Social Issues of Overweight and Obesity, Politics and Religion: Politics and Ancient Mediterranean Religions, Politics and Religion: Politics and Buddhism, Politics and Religion: Politics and Chinese Religion, Politics and Religion: Politics and Christianity, Politics and Religion: Politics and Islam, Politics and Religion: Politics and Japanese Religions, Politics and Religion: Politics and Judaism, Politics and Religion: Politics and Native American Religious Traditions, Politics and Religion: Politics and Oceanic Religions, Politics Low and the Military: Topics in Politics, Law, and the Military. Traditional, animist religion saw humans as being subject to the whims of local gods. Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe. But in fact there was virtually no realistic chance of a pan-Islamic movement developing in Africa at that time because African Muslims were—and still are—often fundamentally divided, whether by ethnicity, nationality, area of domicile (urban or rural located), their view of the role of Islam in both private and public spheres, or a combination of these factors. 4 (1997): 709–728. For South Africa to be the strongest African economy and attenting positions such as being a member of the g8 as been a clearl work of globalization making it at the center of the Africa. Such disciplinary divisions between, for example, political science, sociology, and economics frequently lead to assumptions that a complex reality can be neatly compartmentalized. Encyclopedia.com. 184–243. London, 1991. Orthodox conceptions of Islam—nearly always Sunnī in Africa—are the province of the religious elite, the ʿulamāʾ (religio-legal scholars). 191–222. The African Traditional Religion (ATR) is typically a system of worship deeply rooted in the reverence of a supreme being, divinities and deities, and ancestors as well. However, the relation between politics and religion in Africa cannot be so easily compartmentalized. "Missionaries and the Intellectual History of Africa: A Historical Survey." If large numbers of settlers were present (e.g., Kenya, Algeria, and South Africa), then there was a complex relationship that developed between the white settler community, Christian missionaries, and colonial authorities. The many other dimensions and impacts of religion tend to be downplayed or even neglected entirely. Africa is marked by a high degree of political and religious heterogeneity, making a study of politics and religion in the region complex but rewarding. African Affairs 93, no. Gifford, Paul. The simple answer is that in the 1950s and 1960s senior Christian leaders in Africa were almost always Europeans. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/politics-and-religion-politics-and-african-religious-traditions, African Religions: New Religious Movements, Communication of Ideas: Africa and its Influence. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The first includes the dominant sociopolitical and cultural position of Islam found in the emirates of northern Nigeria, the lamidates of northern Cameroon, and the shiekdoms of northern Chad. London, 1996. Religion and the State: Europe Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. A comprehensive overview of neotraditional religion's political involvement in Rhodesia and Zimbabwe during the anticolonial struggle. South Africa comes with its own set of in intricacies, and owning a business requires someone that is committed. Afriques Indociles. The few territories that did not undergo entrenched and formal foreign control (Liberia, Ethiopia, and several others) nevertheless absorbed European-led modernizing influences almost as though they had. "'Africa Shall Be Saved.' percent EASTERN CATHOLIC (EASTERN RITE) AND ROMAN CATHOLIC 5.5 percent Some ethnic groups are unique to South Africa while others like Basotho crossed the border into the country. However, the political institutions both countries created in Africa during colonialism were little, if anything, more than naked instruments of domination. Civil marriages are recognised and fully protected by the law, as are the other valid marriages in South Africa… Traces the development of African Christianity during a crucially important period and emphasizes the faith's political involvement. As a result, there are declining numbers of followers of traditional indigenous religions and very few atheists or agnostics. However, where Islam was already religiously and culturally dominant, as in vast swathes of North, northwest, and East Africa, then the temptation of Western-style education and its attendant material rewards was usually insufficient in the face of cultural and community solidarity to win many, if any, converts to Christianity. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1994. Frequently, senior Christian figures were instrumental in the clamor for political and economic changes—for example, in South Africa, Kenya, and various francophone West African countries. Paris, 1988. :᳒fz!© ìm&£]£ Üèµg©qI¦YîW¥Â±°@@ј_QuŽ‰F°¾ÎeK#›ʬÊPÞïŠ|g0ökVEN6µ7ÓòŠžOŒØ²#þH»³Ë3»†€œåt þ*‹÷Í.kÔ29Gi)ÓÛéE9#›c-þ:{Qo/"X1E&÷vƒPvv9 ËÝب,ÑÞrpÄڞJPªé•…%Õ¢ÐÞ. There was loss of culture because the colonial masters were trying to bring their ways of life, behave and culture making the African cultures to go down living their own ways. Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism with Examples. Some church leaders felt that now that the real political leaders were free, the … Third, there is ambivalence in the way that many Muslims regard the concept of liberal democracy itself. Encyclopedia.com. Some of the major ethnic South Africans include Zulu, Basotho, Venda, Xhosa… When exploring options as a long-term couple, many wonder whether they should tie the knot legally, and what the advantages and disadvantages of doing so are. In traditional (i.e., precolonial) African societies, the relationship between religion and politics was always a close one, for religious beliefs and practices underpinned political power, while political concerns permeated to the heart of the religious sphere. Haynes, Jeff. This points to how religious and political power have developed historically in and between African religious traditions. Generally, religion relates to politics in Africa in ways that are themselves linked to the particular historical and developmental trajectories of individual societies, whether traditional or modern. African demands for both democratization and economic change were the result of a rediscovery of political voice by long quiescent interest groups who were encouraged by international developments, most notably the shift away from Communism in the former Soviet Union. One common explanation points to a resurgence of religion in the face of failed or flawed modernization. Outlines the interaction of religion and politics in Africa from colonial to the turn of the twenty-first century. Africans often used their religious beliefs as a means to adjust the relationship between themselves and colonial authorities in their favor (as far as possible). Stewart, C. C. Reactions in many African countries not only to failed modernization but also to ideas such as democracy spread by globalization were often focused in vociferous demands for incumbent governments to resign. The metaphor of the triple strand is useful in understanding the political and social role of religion in Africa, with the three strands of the helix comprising religion, ethnicity, and politics. `` South Africa Prophetic Christianity and the other foreign religions, people were to... And the other hand, were an important, component of the faith be. Life Education ’ in Taiwan, Shu-Sum Ng & Wenko Chan 39 - 42 8 crucially period... Of motivations that often defy easy or precise pigeonholing between ordinary Africans and the moon were gods, or of! To a resurgence of religion in Africa during colonialism were little, if anything, more than the let! And 1990s, leaders of mainline African Christian churches in the countries of the,! 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